Birds are naturally curious and mischievous and, if not properly supervised, will get into predicaments. For that reason, it is important to "bird proof" your home to help ensure your winged friend’s safety.
The bird’s cage and the confines of your home represent the bird’s environment, with many potential dangers within these surroundings. The following is a list of household dangers to birds. If you believe your bird was exposed to any of the toxins described in this article, call your veterinarian immediately, or Pet Poison Helpline (a 24/7 animal poison control center) at 1-800-213-6680.
Temperature and Humidity
Moderate and gradual temperature changes ranging from 10ºF to 20ºF (2ºC to 5ºC) are usually well-tolerated by a healthy bird. Sick birds will need a consistently warm temperature.
Humidity in the range of 40%–50% is ideal for most birds. It is better for the environment to be too humid than too dry, although this may depend on the bird species. If allowed to bathe in the hot sun, a bird must always have access to shade in case it becomes overheated.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Teflon
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a common substance in many households due to its use as a non-stick coating on cookware. Teflon is the most well-known brand name of PTFE-based coatings. Other sources of PTFE include drip pans, waffle irons, clothing irons, ironing board covers, heating elements, and heat lamps.
When PTFE is heated over 280ºC (536ºF), it releases odorless, colorless particles and acidic gases that are toxic when inhaled. Most cases of PTFE poisoning occur when non-stick cookware is over-heated or burned, such as a non-stick pot boiling dry on the stovetop. However, poisonings have been reported from using PTFE-containing products even at recommended temperatures.
Signs of poisoning may include agitation, rapid or labored breathing, wheezing, incoordination, weakness, coma, and seizures. Sadly, in many cases, sudden death occurs before or shortly after outward signs develop. Birds may initially appear lethargic or sluggish and slow to respond to stimulation. They may also wobble while trying to stay upright on their perch.
Birds affected by PTFE fumes need immediate veterinary attention. To avoid potential poisoning in your bird, it is recommended to avoid using PTFE-coated cookware as well as other items listed above. Otherwise, it is important to pay close attention when using any product that may be coated with PTFE to ensure you do not overheat it.
Air Pollution
Birds have an efficient respiratory system and are sensitive to pollutants in the air. Birds are also extremely susceptible to any source of smoke. Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, essential oil diffusers, and vaporizers should not be used around your bird. If these products are used, it important to only use them outside.
Cooking fumes or smoke from the oven, gases such as carbon monoxide, fumes from cleaning products, paints, varnishes, fireplace fumes, air fresheners, hair products, and dirty household air ducts may lead to respiratory problems. Products such as carpet and glues may “off gas” for months, slowly emitting fumes that may be toxic to birds.
"A good rule is that if you can smell it, it may harm your bird’s respiratory tract."
A good rule is that if you can smell it, it may harm your bird’s respiratory tract. Since harmful chemicals may linger in the air long after the smell has faded, it is important to keep your bird’s environment well ventilated. Signs of respiratory damage may not be immediate and smoke exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis and impair the birds’ ability to fight off disease.
Kitchens
Generally, it is unwise to house a bird in the kitchen, as there are too many potential hazards. PTFE (Teflon), as described above, is a major concern. Hot stove elements, open pots of hot water, soups or sauces, and even a sink full of water may be possible dangers. There are many sharp and dangerous items in the kitchen that curious birds can hurt themselves on, when they are allowed to roam free. Additionally, most cleaning products present hazards for birds.
Bathrooms
Open toilet bowls and full sinks or bathtubs are possible perils to a bird looking to explore the water. Pet birds do not swim well, and hot water may result in severe burns. Various medications that are kept around most households are potential dangers to your bird. Keep these products locked up and away from your bird for safety. Many drugs and chemicals are stored in containers made of plastic that birds love to chew.
Oil and Grease
Oil and feathers do not mix. Do not use oil or grease-based medications on a bird for any reason. Oils will mat down feathers, decrease their insulation qualities, and make a bird susceptible to chills while potentially leading to other health problems. Examples of products to avoid include Vaseline®, mineral oil, oil-based ointments or salves (including many sold in pet stores), cooking oils, essential oils, vitamin E oils, cod liver oil, and motor oil.
Household Pets
Cats, dogs, ferrets, snakes, and lizards can be a potential danger to your bird. These animals have a natural hunting instinct, and your bird may become the victim. Never leave these animals alone together unattended.
Mirrors and Windows
Birds may never master the concept of glass or mirrors. They do not perceive barriers and will often fly straight into a mirror, potentially causing serious injury to themselves. Show your bird that these areas are not air space by putting up curtains, clings or stickers.
Fish Bowls
Any open container of water should be considered a danger zone. If the bird flies into it, it may drown due to difficulty navigating the limited opening size.
Noise Pollution
Birds generally seem to enjoy a certain amount of commotion and may become vocal and playfully excited by vacuuming, the sound of an electric razor, or the normal activities of people about the house. However, excessively loud noise may cause undue stress to some birds; for example, noise from televisions, stereos, construction, or even appliances such as food processors. Remember the bird is confined in your home and cannot freely escape these sounds if bothered by them.
Plants
See the handout about household plants that are poisonous to birds.
Fans
Never allow a bird to fly while a fan is running — particularly a ceiling fan. Your bird cannot see the blades while they are in motion, and they can seriously injure themselves.
Stucco Ceilings
Birds are normally skilled and graceful at flight, but they may occasionally strike objects or surfaces while exercising. Stucco ceilings can act like sandpaper on the top of the bird’s head as it moves along at high speed. Try to make these rooms “out of bounds” for your bird.
Electrical Cords
Birds love to chew, and the soft, rubbery coating of electrical cords may be an enticing play toy for your bird. Due to the potential danger of electrocution, facial burns and even a serious fire hazard, electrical cords must be hidden away or unplugged.
Open Windows or Doors
It is ideal to have your bird’s wings clipped or keep all windows and outer doors closed at all times. Once a bird escapes, it is usually very difficult to get it back home. Avoiding these mishaps is safer than taking chances. Even the most well-trained and well-behaved bird can have a moment of weakness and try to fly out of the house for fresh air.
Lead and Zinc Poisoning
Lead is commonly found in many places around the house, and it is dangerous for birds. Sources of lead include lead-based paints (used prior to 1978); curtain weights; fishing weights; solder on cages or plumbing; certain types of putty, plaster or ceramic glazes; batteries; pellets from air rifles; certain linoleum; stained glass windows; Tiffany lamps; leaded foil from wine bottles; some costume jewelry; and zipper teeth.
Lead is fun for birds to chew on and easily swallowed. Lead or zinc poisoning, also known as heavy metal poisoning, is life threatening and needs immediate veterinary attention. Contrary to some beliefs, there is no lead in today’s pencils or newspaper inks.
Toys
Most pet bird toys are considered safe for your bird; however, lead and zinc have been found in some imported toys. Before offering a toy to a bird, make sure check for loose or open clasps, removable or chewable parts, peeling paint, peeling metal, and sharp edges.
Chemicals
Birds exploring and playing with containers found around the home can cause exposure to dangerous products. Lock away products such as cleaning agents, insecticides, pesticides, mothballs, deodorizers, paints, solvents, makeup, personal hygiene products and chemicals, pharmaceutical products, matches, and automotive products.
Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison control center based out of Minneapolis, MN, is available 24/7 for pet owners and veterinary professionals that require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals, and exotic species. As the most cost-effective option for animal poison control care, Pet Poison Helpline’s per-incident fee includes follow-up consultations for the duration of the poison case. Pet Poison Helpline is available in North America by calling 800-213-6680. Additional information can be found online at www.petpoisonhelpline.com.
