Are there really orthodontic procedures for cats?
Occasionally, cats’ teeth do not erupt in an appropriate position within the jaw (known as malocclusion). This may result in pain and an inability for the cat to close its mouth properly. If the malocclusion results in pain and poor function (not being able to chew food properly), then a decision needs to be made on how to correct this. The options include selective extractions or moving teeth to create a comfortable, pain-free bite. Sometimes it is possible to decrease the height (crown amputation) of the teeth that are in traumatic contact with other teeth or oral soft tissues.
Crown amputation requires the advanced technical skills and specific materials of a board-certified veterinary dentist.
Wouldn’t it just be easier to take out the tooth?
Sometimes, yes, it is easier to take out the tooth, especially when a smaller, single-rooted tooth is involved. However, when a larger tooth (such as a canine) is causing oral pain or a functionally important tooth is involved, it is often better to reduce the height of the tooth or to move the tooth.
What is crown amputation (crown reduction)?
Crown amputation with restoration is a procedure whereby the crown height is reduced, exposing the inner pulp cavity that contains the nerve, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A layered dressing (filling) is placed on the exposed internal tissues of the tooth and the tooth is sealed to prevent bacteria from gaining access. The goal is to remove the traumatic contact while maintaining the tooth’s vitality. This procedure is also referred to as vital pulp therapy with restoration.
Fig. 1: The cat's lower-left canine is positioned forward, causing lip inflammation. 
Fig. 2: Cat's lower-left canine tooth after crown reduction with restoration
How are teeth moved?
Teeth can be moved by applying constant or intermittent sustained pressure in the direction a tooth needs to move. To move the teeth, veterinarians can attach orthodontic buttons and elastics to the teeth. Occasionally, an appliance known as an inclined orthodontic plane may be used to redirect teeth into a more appropriate position. As in people, the process takes weeks to months.
Fig. 3: The cat's upper canine teeth are malpositioned, causing lower jaw pain.
Fig. 4: Orthodontic buttons and elastics are used to move the upper canines into a functional, pain-free condition.
Can show cats have orthodontics?
The Cat Fanciers Association (CFA) prohibits cats in the show ring that have had orthodontic care. Often, cats who are successful in the show ring are sought after as breeding animals. If they have a hereditary malocclusion that has been corrected, it will not be detectable and may be passed along to their offspring. Preventing showing of these dogs is an effort to protect the public and ensure that only the best of the breed is truly represented in the show ring.
Can my veterinarian provide the orthodontic care my cat needs?
Many veterinarians are comfortable delivering orthodontic care for cats. Your veterinarian may seek the advice of a board-certified veterinary dental specialist (avdc.org) for advice or referral.
