Are there really orthodontic treatments for dogs?
Occasionally, dogs’ teeth do not erupt in an appropriate position within the jaw (known as malocclusion). As a result, teeth may be in traumatic contact (causing pain) with other teeth or there may be traumatic contact with the oral soft tissues, also causing pain. When this happens, a decision must be made about what to do. The options include 1) moving the teeth to create a more comfortable bite, 2) decreasing the height of the teeth, so they do not contact the oral soft tissues in a painful way, or 3) moving the teeth to a more comfortable and functional position.
Wouldn’t it just be easier to take out the tooth?
Sometimes, yes, it is easier to take out the tooth, especially when a smaller, single-rooted tooth is involved. However, when a larger tooth (such as a canine) is causing oral pain, it is most often easier on the dog to reduce the height of the tooth and restore it or move the tooth. It is often prudent to try to keep large, structurally important teeth.
Figure 1: The upper incisors are causing trauma to the soft tissues in the lower jaw. 
Figure 2: Trauma caused to the lower soft tissues is indicated with arrows.
Figure 3: Extracting the upper incisors will relieve discomfort.
What is crown amputation (crown reduction)?
Crown amputation with restoration is a procedure whereby the crown height is reduced, exposing the inner pulp cavity that contains the nerve, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A layered dressing (filling) is placed on the exposed internal tissues of the tooth and the tooth is sealed to prevent bacteria from gaining access. The goal is to remove the traumatic contact, while maintaining the tooth’s vitality. This procedure is also referred to as vital pulp therapy with restoration.
How are teeth moved?
Teeth can be moved by applying constant or intermittent sustained pressure in the direction a tooth needs to move. To move teeth, veterinarians can attach orthodontic buttons and elastics to the teeth or create an inclined orthodontic appliance. As in people, the process takes weeks to months.
Figure 4: The upper canine is malpositioned, interfering with the lower canine. 
Figure 5: Two months later, the upper canine tooth has moved into a functional position.
Can show dogs have orthodontics?
The American Kennel Club (AKC) prohibits dogs in the show ring that have had orthodontic care. Often, dogs who are successful in the show ring are sought after as breeding animals. If they have a hereditary malocclusion that has been corrected, it will not be detectable and may be passed along to their offspring. Preventing showing of these dogs is an effort to protect the public and ensure that only the best of the breed is truly represented in the show ring.
Can my veterinarian provide the orthodontic care my dog needs?
Many veterinarians are comfortable delivering orthodontic care for dogs. Your veterinarian may seek the advice of a board-certified veterinary dental specialist (avdc.org) for advice or referral.
