A diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) in your dog can feel upsetting and overwhelming. The good news is that many dogs with OA continue to enjoy active, happy lives with appropriate treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and ongoing veterinary care.
What is osteoarthritis (OA)?
Osteoarthritis is a progressive, degenerative disease in which the cartilage that cushions the joints gradually wears down, leading to inflammation, stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility. OA is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting dogs. While it cannot be cured or reversed, early and ongoing management can help maintain your dog’s comfort and quality of life.
Once a dog is diagnosed with OA, the focus shifts from cure to management. Success means maximizing your dog’s comfort and function while minimizing pain. Fortunately, there are many strategies that can help dogs live well with OA.
What is the first thing I should do to help my dog with OA?
Create a true partnership with your veterinarian. Regular evaluations allow your veterinarian to monitor the progression of OA and to modify the treatment plan.
Consider keeping a journal or notebook dedicated to your dog’s OA care. Write down questions as they arise and bring the notebook to veterinary appointments. Recording recommendations, medication changes, and observations about your dog’s mobility can help you track progress and make the most of each visit.
Can my dog’s weight make a difference in managing OA?
Yes, maintaining a lean body condition is one of the best ways to reduce stress on arthritic joints. If your dog is carrying extra weight, work with your veterinarian to create a safe weight-loss plan. Your veterinarian may prescribe a diet that supports joint health while helping your dog lose weight. Ask for specific feeding recommendations and schedule regular weigh-ins to monitor success.
Can exercise help OA?
Yes, regular, controlled exercise is beneficial for most dogs with OA. With OA joints, dogs need to “use it or lose it.” Ask your veterinarian for specific guidance on how far and long to walk, acceptable walking surfaces, and specific exercises that can target and strengthen muscle groups.
What should I know about the medications, nutraceuticals, or supplements my veterinarian prescribed for my dog?
- Use all medications and supplements exactly as directed by your veterinarian. Do not change doses, stop medications, or change dosing schedules unless you are instructed to do so.
- Ask your veterinarian about possible side effects and monitor your dog carefully. If you see any adverse side effects from medications, contact your veterinarian immediately.
- Discuss any over-the-counter supplements with your veterinarian, as some may be harmful for your dog based on their specific health needs or may interact with other medications your veterinarian recommends.
What other veterinary management options are available?
Many dogs benefit from a multimodal approach that combines medications, nutrition, weight management, exercise, and supportive therapies. Some dogs may also benefit from physical medicine options such as:
- Physical rehabilitation
- Acupuncture
- Chiropractic
- Laser therapy
- Regenerative medicine
- Medical massage
It is important to work with qualified and credentialed professionals, so seek your veterinarian’s guidance for a referral. Physical medicine may allow for decreased doses of medication over time by helping to restore more normal movement and strength in the dog’s body.
How can I modify my home to maximize my dog’s comfort?
Simple changes around the home can make daily activities easier and more comfortable for dogs with OA.
Feeding and water stations: Raised food and water bowls can reduce strain on the neck and back and make mealtimes more enjoyable. Bowls placed between your dog’s elbow and shoulder level are often most comfortable.
Warmth and shelter: Keep your dog warm and dry. Cold, damp conditions may worsen stiffness and discomfort. Outdoor living is generally not recommended for dogs with OA.
Comfortable sleeping areas: Consider providing your dog with an orthopedic or memory foam bed to reduce pressure on sore joints and improve sleep quality.
Vehicle access: A ramp for entering and exiting vehicles can help reduce stress on the back and leg joints and make car rides more enjoyable. Most dogs can quickly learn how to use ramps.
Stairs: Depending on the extent of your dog’s OA, it may be best to prevent access to stairs when no one is available to supervise to reduce the risk of falls. A baby gate works well for this purpose.
Nail care: Keep your dog’s nails short to increase traction and reduce strain on joints.
Improve traction around the home: Slippery flooring can make it difficult for dogs with OA to walk, turn, rise, and move comfortably. Improving traction can help your dog move more confidently and safely throughout the home. Consider:
- Yoga mats or area rugs with non-skid backing
- Interlocking foam floor tiles (such as those used on children’s play surfaces) that can be customized to fit larger areas
- Baby gates to restrict access to rooms with slick floors
- Lightweight traction boots for dogs that will tolerate them
Work with your veterinarian to expand and fine-tune these options for your dog. With a bit of imagination and creative thought, you can help your dog with OA enjoy a long, happy, and comfortable life.